Coptic Reader ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ

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Sources and bibliography

Biblical texts

Wells, J. Warren, ed. Sahidica: A New Edition of the New Testament in Sahidic Coptic. 2000–2006. sahidica.org. © J. Warren Wells; free for use in free electronic editions with this credit, print use by permission. Used here in the annotated form published by Coptic SCRIPTORIUM as corpus sahidica.nt v4.1.0 (2021).
Schroeder, Caroline T., and Amir Zeldes, eds. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpora: sahidica.nt v4.1.0 (2021), bohairic.nt v6.0.0 (2024; annotation Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes), sahidic.ot, bohairic.ot. copticscriptorium.org; data github.com/CopticScriptorium/corpora; releases archived at doi:10.5281/zenodo.17917497. Licence CC BY-SA 4.0 (Bohairic NT/OT, Sahidic OT); the Sahidic NT keeps the Sahidica licence above. Segmentation, lemmas, part-of-speech tags, dependency parses and entity spans shown in the Coptic panes are theirs. Pipeline: Zeldes, Amir, and Caroline T. Schroeder. "An NLP Pipeline for Coptic." Proceedings of LaTeCH 2016, 146–155. doi:10.18653/v1/W16-2119.
Konvička, Milan. Marcion (Coptic text and dictionary software), with the Bohairic Bible text contributed by Hany N. Takla. marcion.sourceforge.net. The source of the Bohairic text in the Scriptorium corpora.
Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite Coptic Society, ed. The Coptic Bible (Bohairic and Sahidic with diacritics). Los Angeles. stshenouda.org; digitised in pishoyg/coptic (bible/stshenouda_org). Used only as the source of supralinear strokes and jinkim, which are copied letter by letter onto the Scriptorium text.
Tyndale House, Cambridge / STEPBible. TAGNT — Translators Amalgamated Greek New Testament (NA28 base text with all major editions, Extended Strong's numbers, Robinson morphology, contextual glosses adapted from the Berean Study Bible). github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data. CC BY 4.0.
Bible Hub, ed. The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. 2016–2023, with the Berean interlinear translation tables. berean.bible. Public domain.
Johnson, Michael Paul, ed. World English Bible. ebible.org/web. Public domain. The verse-level English carried inside the Scriptorium files.
Smith, Eli, and Cornelius Van Dyck, trans. الكتاب المقدس (Van Dyck Arabic Bible). Beirut, 1865. Text from Bible Aquifer, github.com/BibleAquifer/ArabicVanDyckBible, CC0. Word-level Greek tags: STEPBible, TTAraSVD — Translation Tags for the Arabic SVD, same repository, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Coptic SCRIPTORIUM, corpus thomas.gospel v6.2.0 (2025): The Gospel of Thomas, Nag Hammadi Codex II,2 (NHAM.02, pp. 32–51), segmentation and tagging checked, with editorial restorations after Layton, Bentley, ed. Nag Hammadi Codex II,2–7, vol. 1. Leiden: Brill, 1989 (Nag Hammadi Studies 20), and Bethge, Hans-Gebhard, et al. (Berliner Arbeitskreis für koptisch-gnostische Schriften). github.com/CopticScriptorium/corpora; doi:10.5281/zenodo.17917497. CC BY 4.0. Shown in the Sahidic pane (the dialect is Sahidic with Lycopolitan features); the diacritics are the scribe's own as transcribed.
Mattison, Mark M., trans. The Gospel of Thomas. gospels.net/thomas. "Committed to the public domain and may be freely copied and used, changed or unchanged, for any purpose." Fills the English pane for Thomas; each saying is shown as one block beside the Coptic sub-verses.
Greek fragments of Thomas: P.Oxy. I 1 (logia 26–33 with 77b), P.Oxy. IV 654 (prologue–7), P.Oxy. IV 655 (24, 36–39). Transcriptions from the Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, papyri.info/dclp/62838, 62840, 62839 (Trismegistos 62838–62840), CC BY 3.0, after Grenfell, Bernard P., and Arthur S. Hunt. ΛΟΓΙΑ ΙΗΣΟΥ: Sayings of Our Lord from an Early Greek Papyrus. London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1897, and The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, part IV. London, 1904; identification of lines with logia after Attridge, Harold W., "The Greek Fragments", in Layton 1989. Only the editors' main readings are used; the papyri are cut at the opening words of each saying by tools/build_thomas_greek.py.
Biblica, Inc. كتاب الحياة — Ketab El Hayat, New Arabic Version. © 1988, 1997, 2012 Biblica, Inc. Obtained from ebible.org (arbnav). CC BY-SA 4.0; used unmodified, Biblica® trademark retained. Biblica owns the copyright of the original work, which is available for free download at biblica.com and open.bible.

Dictionaries and lexica

Burns, Dylan Michael, Frank Feder, Katrin John, and Maxim Kupreyev, eds. Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon: Including Loanwords from Ancient Greek, v1.2. Berlin: Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache) and Freie Universität Berlin (Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic), 2020. doi:10.17169/refubium-27566. TEI data: github.com/KELLIA/dictionary; online as coptic-dictionary.org. CC BY-SA 4.0. See Feder, Frank, Maxim Kupreyev, Emma Manning, Caroline T. Schroeder, and Amir Zeldes. "A Linked Coptic Dictionary Online." Proceedings of LaTeCH-CLfL 2018, 12–21. doi:10.18653/v1/W18-4502.
Crum, Walter Ewing. A Coptic Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939. Digitised in Marcion (above) and cleaned, indexed and linked to page scans in ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, remnqymi.com/crum, source github.com/pishoyg/coptic (lexicon data CC BY-SA 4.0, code GPL-3.0). Entry text and page scans both come from that project.
Dawoud (Mu'awwad Dawud ʿAbd al-Nur). قاموس اللغة القبطية — Dictionary of the Coptic Language, Bohairic and Sahidic Dialects (Coptic–Arabic). Cairo, 1999; 3rd printing Coptic Orthodox Cultural Centre, 2013. Page scans and headword index from ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (remnqymi.com). Shown as page images; not transcribed.
"Andreas." Coptic (Bohairic)–Arabic dictionary, published online by the Monastery of St. Macarius, stmacariusmonastery.org, and digitised in pishoyg/coptic (dictionary/stmacariusmonastery_org). The digitisation gives no fuller bibliographic details (author's full name, date); they will be added when known.
Tyndale House, Cambridge / STEPBible. TBESG — Translators Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek, based on Abbott-Smith, George. A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1922. github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data. CC BY 4.0.
Coptic SCRIPTORIUM. coptic-nlp lexical tables (Sahidic and Bohairic lemma lexicons). github.com/CopticScriptorium/coptic-nlp. Apache 2.0.

Fonts and software

Google. Noto Sans Coptic and Noto Naskh Arabic. github.com/notofonts. SIL Open Font License 1.1.
SIL International. Gentium Plus 6.200. software.sil.org/gentium. SIL Open Font License 1.1.
This reader: plain HTML, CSS and JavaScript with Python build scripts; no framework. Source and build scripts ship with the site (tools/).

Derived and combined works made for this site

Everything under data/ is generated from the sources above by the scripts in tools/. None of the original texts is altered except as described here.

Coptic chapter files (data/texts/sah, data/texts/boh): Coptic SCRIPTORIUM TreeTagger files [1, 2] converted to JSON, keeping their segmentation, lemmas, tags, parses, entities and the World English Bible verse [7]; supralinear strokes and jinkim added from the Saint Shenouda edition [4] by letter-by-letter alignment (tools/build_diacritics.py). Morphs whose letters have no counterpart in [4], such as expanded nomina sacra, are left unmarked. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 for Bohairic and Old Testament files; Sahidic New Testament files additionally carry the Sahidica notice [1].
Gospel of Thomas files (data/texts/sah/tho, eng-bsb/tho, grc/tho): the Scriptorium Thomas corpus [10] converted like the Bible texts, one file per logion (0 = prologue), keeping manuscript page and line numbers, restorations and lacunae (the scribe's stroke after final consonants, U+2CFF, is shown as transcribed); Mattison's translation [11] one saying per file; the Greek papyri [12] cut at each saying's opening words. No Arabic translation with a usable licence was found, so the Arabic panes are empty for this book. CC BY 4.0 / public domain / CC BY 3.0 respectively.
Greek chapter files (data/texts/grc): TAGNT [5] rows regrouped by verse; all edition markers and variant notes retained. CC BY 4.0.
English chapter files (data/texts/eng-bsb): Berean Standard Bible text with word-level Strong's numbers and section headings taken from the Berean translation tables [6]. Public domain.
Arabic chapter files (data/texts/ara-svd): Van Dyck text [8] with the STEPBible word tags [8] attached; data/texts/ara-nav: Ketab El Hayat [9] unmodified, with its section headings. CC0 text with CC BY-SA 4.0 tags; CC BY-SA 4.0.
Combined Coptic lexicon (data/lex/cop): entries from the Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon [13], Crum [14] and Andreas [16] merged into one index keyed by normalised form (lower case, diacritics and hyphens removed). Each entry keeps its source label; nothing is rewritten. Derived maps: boh2sah.json (Bohairic spellings to Sahidic headwords, from the dialect labels in [13] and [14]) and greek-loan.json (Coptic transliterations of the Greek lemmas in [17], generated by rule). Licence of the combination: CC BY-SA 4.0.
Greek lexicon shards (data/lex/grc): TBESG [17] split by Strong's number. CC BY 4.0.
Page-scan indexes (data/scans): the first and last headword of every page of Dawoud [15] and Crum [14], as compiled by ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, with the file offsets of their scans. Scan images are served from ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ's repository unless downloaded for offline use.
Grammar notes (data/lex/grammar.json): short explanations of articles, converters, auxiliaries and pronouns, written for this site. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Licence of this site

The reader's code (HTML, CSS, JavaScript and the build scripts) is released under the MIT License, © 2026 Sam Habiel. The generated data files are released under CC BY-SA 4.0 except where a file carries different terms from its source (the Sahidic New Testament keeps the Sahidica notice; public-domain and CC BY sources keep theirs). Use it, copy it, build on it; credit the sources above.

Numbers in brackets refer to the numbered lists above. Corrections to any citation are welcome.